Nuo liepos 1 d. iš skolų turinčių žmonių atlyginimų antstoliai išskaičiuos mažesnę dalį – tai reiškia, kad daugiau pajamų liks pragyvenimui, o kartu žmonės bus skatinami dirbti legaliai ir palaipsniui išvis atsikratyti skolų naštos. Skolų turinčiam žmogui papildomai kreiptis į antstolius nereikės, sumažintos privalomos išskaitos bus taikomos automatiškai.
Pasak socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministro Vytauto Šilinsko, iki šiol galioję išskaitų iš darbo užmokesčio dydžiai neatitiko skolininkų finansinių galimybių grąžinti skolas ilgalaikėje perspektyvoje, tad skatino slėpti pajamas, dirbti nelegaliai.
„Sumažintos privalomos išskaitos tai tarsi gelbėjimosi ratas „skolų kuprą“ užsiauginusiam žmogui. Iki šiol daugelis žmonių verčiau rinkosi pragyvenimą iš nelegalaus darbo ar socialinių pašalpų. Ir priežastis paprasta – antstoliams atskaičius skolų išskaitą, nelikdavo pajamų pragyventi. Pavyzdžiui, minimalią algą uždirbančiam žmogui po antstolių išskaitymo pragyvenimui likdavo vos 15 eurų per dieną. Nuo liepos ši suma kone padvigubės. Tai reiškia, kad žmogus skatinamas grįžti į darbo rinką, dirbti legaliai ir palaipsniui grąžinti skolą. O ir kreditoriams išauga galimybė atgauti skolas, nes iki šiol beveik 7 iš 10 nedirbo ir nieko negrąžindavo“, – sako V. Šilinskas.
Numatyta, kad antstolių išieškoma dalis nuo minimalios algos mažėja net du-tris kartus – iki 10 proc., nepriklausomai nuo to, kiek skolų turi žmogus. Iš pajamų, viršijančių minimalią algą, bus išskaičiuojama 30 proc., o iš pajamų, didesnių nei dvi minimalios algos – 50 proc., kaip yra ir dabar.
Svarbu tai, kad iki šiol galiojanti išskaitų išieškojimo tvarka ir toliau liks nepakitusi socialiai jautriems kreditoriams – vaikų ir kitų asmenų išlaikymui, žalos, padarytos sveikatai ar gyvybei, atlyginimui.
Socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerija primena, kad kita svarbi paskata dirbti legaliai – vadinamosios „skolų atostogos“ – įsigalios gruodį. Ši legalaus darbo paskata reiškia, kad skolų turintieji bedarbiai, nedirbantys pusę metų, registruoti Užimtumo tarnyboje, nuo 2024 m. gruodžio 1 d. įsidarbinę galės pasinaudoti galimybe sustabdyti skolų išieškojimą pusei metų – išskaitos nuo darbo užmokesčio žmogui nebus vykdomos. „Skolų atostogomis“ iš viso bus galima pasinaudoti ne daugiau kaip 2 kartus per 5 metus, nepriklausomai nuo skolos tipo, t. y. net ir turint įsiskolinimų socialiai jautriems kreditoriams.
Duomenys rodo, kad Lietuvoje yra apie 200 tūkst. žmonių, kurie turi skolų. Tai beveik kas dešimtas asmuo nuo 18 metų. Iš jų beveik 7 iš 10 nedirba arba dirba nelegaliai.
Skaičiuojama, kad, jei bent 1 proc. skolininkų (t. y. apie 2 tūkst. žmonių) pradėtų dirbti už 1 minimalią mėnesinę algą, tai leistų surinkti apie 6,5 mln. eurų mokesčių ir įmokų kasmet, tačiau netiesioginė nauda būtų dar didesnė – sumažėtų socialinė parama, didėtų darbu sukuriama nauda.
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