Gestų kalba Prieš 28-erius metus Vyriausybės nutarimu lietuvių gestų kalba pripažinta kurčiųjų gimtąja kalba. Gestų kalbą pripažinus gimtąja, įsteigti vertėjų centrai, atsirado gestų kalbos vertėjo specialybė, pradėtas rengti aiškinamasis lietuvių gestų kalbos žodynas. Žmonės su klausos negalia sudaro apie 1 proc. visų negalią turinčių žmonių Lietuvoje.
Negirdintys arba prastai girdintys asmenys susiduria su sunkumais komunikuojant ne tik gaunant viešąsias ir kitas paslaugas, bet ir studijuojant, bendraujant su girdinčiaisiais. Nuo 2024 m. įsigalios Neįgaliųjų socialinės integracijos įstatymo pakeitimai, didės paslaugų, pagalbos ir informacijos prieinamumas žmonėms su negalia, taip pat ir su klausos negalia, operatyviau bus teikiama individualizuota pagalba ir paslaugos.
„Daug dėmesio skiriame sprendimams, kurie keičia žmonių su negalia kasdienybę, galimybes įsidarbinti, dalyvauti visuomenės gyvenime, būti visaverčiais jos nariais. Vienas iš svarbių žmonių su negalią socialinės įtraukties aspektų yra informacijos prieinamumas. Sunkumai gaunant informaciją riboja žmonių su negalia būtiniausių poreikių patenkinimą, jų įsitraukimą į visuomeninį gyvenimą. Vykdoma reforma suteiks teisę žmonėms su negalia, taip pat ir su klausos negalia, gauti informaciją pasirinktais ir jiems prieinamais bendravimo būdais. Tai padidins jų savarankiškumą, palengvins kasdienybę. Gauti informaciją žmogui suprantama kalba – prigimtinė žmogaus teisė“, – sako socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministrė Monika Navickienė.
Siekiant užtikrinti informacijos prieinamumą žmonėms su negalia, įtvirtintos naujos sąvokos, tokios kaip „prieinamas bendravimo būdas“, „lengvai suprantama kalba“ bei nustatyta, jog valstybės ir savivaldybių institucijos ir įstaigos turės pripažinti žmogaus su negalia pasirinktą prieinamą bendravimo būdą ir teikti jam viešąją informaciją nemokamai bent vienu pasirinktu prieinamu bendravimo būdu lygiai su kitais asmenimis.
Nuo ateinančių metų pradžios, valstybės ir savivaldybių institucijos ir įstaigos žmogui, turinčiam negalią, informaciją turės pateikti jam priimtinu ir suprantamu būdu pvz., lietuvių gestų (skirta žmonėms su klausos negalia), lengvai suprantama (skirta žmonėms su psichosocialine arba intelekto negalia) kalbomis, Brailio raštu, kitomis alternatyviomis formomis.
Informaciją pateikiant suprantamais būdais, informacinę aplinką pritaikius intelekto, regos, klausos negalią turintiems žmonėms, atsiras galimybė visą reikiamą informaciją gauti laiku ir suprantamai. Supratimas ir žinojimas paskatins ieškoti reikiamos pagalbos.
Tikimasi, kad, pradėjus įgyvendinti suplanuotas naujoves, socialinės įtraukties priemonėmis per artimiausius 8 metus pradės naudotis apie 42 proc. žmonių su negalia.
Lietuvių gestų kalba. Gegužės 4 d. – lietuvių gestų kalbos pripažinimo diena. Šiais metais sukanka jau 28 metai nuo tada, kai Lietuvoje gestų kalba buvo pripažinta gimtąja kurčiųjų kalba, tačiau daugelis girdinčiųjų apie šią kalbą ir kurčiuosius vis dar žino labai mažai. Gimtoji kurčiųjų kalba dažnai įsivaizduojama neteisingai – pavyzdžiui, manoma, kad tai yra tik gestais rodomas lietuvių kalbos variantas. Tačiau iš tiesų tai – visiškai atskira kalba. Lietuvių kalba ir lietuvių gestų kalba turi skirtingas gramatikas.
XIX a. pradžioje kurčiuosius Vilniuje mokęs Zygmantas Anzelmas sukūrė pirmąją lietuvišką gestų kalbos abėcėlę. Joje gestai rodyti dviem rankom. XX a. viduryje Vilniuje buvo sukurta nauja gestų kalbos abėcėlė, kur gestai rodomi viena ranka. Ji vartojama iki šiol.
1995 m. gestų kalbą Lietuvoje Vyriausybei pripažinus kurčiųjų gimtąja kalba, kurtieji vaikai oficialiai buvo pripažinti dvikalbiais, ugdymo procese abi kalbos įgijo lygų statusą. Lietuvių kalba ir lietuvių gestų kalba yra lygiavertės kalbos.
Daugiau informacijos apie gestų kalbą rasite Neįgaliųjų reikalų departamento puslapyje: https://byt.lt/6T3DX
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