Žemės ūkio ministerija (ŽŪM) svarsto steigti Melioracijos fondą valstybei priklausantiems melioracijos inžineriniams statiniams rekonstruoti ir prižiūrėti. Tokio fondo steigimo galimybes ir formavimo principus ministerijos atstovai pristatė savivaldybių žemės ūkio skyrių specialistams.
Valstybei nuosavybės teise priklausančių melioracijos inžinerinių statinių (MIS) nusidėvėjimas siekia 74,4 proc. ir kasmet didėja. Iš 2,5 mln. ha nusausintų žemių ūkio naudmenų 2 mln. ha drenažo yra kritinės būklės.
„Tokių plotų derlingumas krenta ir iki 30 proc., tačiau, kai kuriais atvejais gali siekti ir 100 proc., o ne visu pajėgumu veikiant melioracijos sistemai, priklausomai nuo klimatinių sąlygų ir žemės ūkio produkcijos kainų per 19 metų laikotarpį, praradimai už negautą žemės ūkio produkciją siektų nuo 4,3 iki 8,4 mlrd. Eur“, – sako ŽŪM Melioracijos, žemės ūkio žemės ir infrastruktūros departamento Melioracijos ir infrastruktūros skyriaus patarėja Violeta Važnevičienė.
Lėšų poreikis valstybei nuosavybės teise priklausančių tik blogos būklės melioracijos inžineriniams statiniams rekonstruoti – 1001,347 mln. Eur (per 20 metų kasmet rekonstruojant apie 2 proc. blogos būklės MIS, 2020 m. kainomis).
Melioracijos fondo steigimo sąlygos
Melioracijos fondas leistų sparčiau atlikti MIS rekonstravimo darbus, nes fondo lėšos galėtų būti operatyviai naudojamos MIS avariniams gedimams likviduoti, o garantuotas pajamų į fondą surinkimas leistų nuosekliai planuoti ilgalaikes investicijas į MIS rekonstrukciją ir priežiūrą.
Fondas būtų steigiamas pagal atskirą įstatymą valstybės ištekliams kaupti ir naudoti bei būtų laikomas atskiru viešojo sektoriaus subjektu, kuris atitinka šiuos kriterijus:
- įsteigtas valstybei nuosavybės teise priklausančių melioracijos ir hidrotechnikos statinių valdymas ir naudojimas patikėjimo teise, savivaldybėms perduotai valstybinei funkcijai atlikti;
- vienas iš finansavimo šaltinių yra pajamos, kurios būdingos tik šiam fondui ir kurios nėra gautos iš valstybės biudžeto ar kitų biudžetų – tokių „privačių“ pajamų turi būti daugiau nei pusė;
- lėšos kaupiamos atskiroje iždo sąskaitoje;
- sąmata kiekvienais metais tvirtinama Fondo biudžeto rodiklių įstatymu;
- turi fondo priežiūros organą – įstatyme numatytos sudėties tarybą/valdybą.
Siūlomi Melioracijos fondo formavimo principai
Melioracijos fondą būtų galima steigti tik užtikrinant pajamų, kurios nėra gautos iš valstybės biudžeto, surinkimą – įvedant fiksuotas įmokas.
Siekiant pažangos melioracijos srityje yra būtinas kasmetinis bent 30 mln. Eur finansavimas. Per pirmus 5 metus fondo pajamos būtų didinamos palaipsniui, kasmet po 5 mln. Eur per metus. Vėliau jo pajamos būtų diferencijuojamos kas 5 metus, atsižvelgiant į infliaciją bei rangovų pajėgumus atlikti MIS rekonstravimo ir priežiūros darbus.
„Žemdirbys į fondą už vieną hektarą kasmet mokėtų vienu euru didesnes įmokas. Jei 2025-aisiais jis mokėtų iki 6,6 Eur už hą, tai 2029-aisiais – iki 11 Eur už ha. Po pirmų penkerių metų fondo pajamos galėtų siekti iki 50 mln. Eur per metus, iš jų valstybės biudžeto lėšų dalis siektų 45 proc. (iki 22,5 mln. Eur per metus), žemės savininkų ir kitų naudotojų įmokos – 55 proc. (iki 27,5 mln. Eur per metus).
Valstybės biudžeto dalis ir žemės savininkų bei kitų naudotojų įmokos galėtų būti indeksuojamos kas penkerius metus ir 2025-2046 m. (22 metai) laikotarpiu sudarytų iki 2 048 mln. Eur“, – informuoja Melioracijos ir infrastruktūros skyriaus patarėja V. Važnevičienė.
Šiuo metu tokio fondo steigimo principai ir alternatyvos pristatomi žemės ūkio sektoriaus, savivaldos ir kitiems suinteresuotiems socialiniams partneriams. Atsižvelgus į tokių pristatymų ir diskusijų metu gautus konstruktyvius pasiūlymus, numatoma aktualizuoti fondo steigimo koncepciją ir teikti ją Vyriausybei.
Fondo steigėja būtų Žemės ūkio ministerija, administratorius – ŽŪM įgaliotas VĮ Žemės ūkio duomenų centras.
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